中文摘要：

日本京都立命馆大学孔子学院首任院长周玮生2019年5月15日在中国日报网发表题为《孔子学院推动联合国教科文组织的愿景》（Confucius Institutes promote UNESCO vision）的文章指出，中国在154个国家和地区建立了548所孔子学院和1193个孔子课堂，积极开展和平互利的对外汉语文化传播。中国利用有限的资源，将联合国教科文组织《世界文化多样性宣言》付诸实践。

作者指出，尽管许多国家对中国的努力表示赞赏，但也有一些国家利用所谓的文化扩张、文化入侵和文化威胁理论，试图误导全球舆论。也许更好地了解中国促进其语言和文化的努力将有助于其他国家更好地看待孔子学院：首先，与零和博弈不同，各方都可以通过孔子学院实现合作共赢。其次，孔子学院项目具有包容性，欢迎各国参与。再次，孔子学院项目在本质上是非竞争性的。孔子学院为各国通过双边合作推广本国语言和文化、促进全球文化多样性提供了一种比较成功的互利模式，发展中国家和发达国家都可以借鉴。

作者认为，国家汉办应避免在资助、派遣人才、捐赠图书等方面采取单边做法；孔子学院项目也不应该与东道国目前的中文教学体系竞争；孔子学院需要采取事业利益与产业利益相结合的经营模式，形成良性循环，实现可持续发展；除了不断致力于这一事业外，中国教师还应该在传播汉语和文化的同时，了解世界先进文化，因为这将有助于使孔子学院在现代世界真正受到尊重和受欢迎的文化发展推动者。要不断推动国外孔子学院的发展，中国应重点抓好以下几个方面：

第一，应该采取差异化的方法来适应每个东道国的情况。

第二，要把语言教学和文化交流看作是同步运行的两驾马车。

第三，加强学术研究，形成有效的理论体系，使孔子学院成为东道国的中国研究中心。

第四，通过孔子学院开展双向文化交流，使孔子学院不仅成为中国的窗口，而且成为各国语言文化的窗口。

第五，中国应遵循发展理念，采用产业化经营模式实现可持续发展，同时通过防止职能重叠和不必要竞争来优化有限的资源利用。

英文原文：

By  establishing 548 Confucius Institutes and 1193 Confucius Classrooms in  154 countries and regions, China has taken the initiative to spread the  Chinese language and culture overseas in a peaceful and mutually  beneficial way. And in so doing, China has used its limited resources to  put the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural  Organization's Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity into  practice.

The  teaching of the Chinese language and culture promotes global diversity  and is an important channel for advancing common development that  benefits China as well as the host countries. It also provides other  developing countries with an example of how to promote their own  cultures and languages worldwide by using limited resources.

Understandably,  different countries have different views on Confucius Institutes, and  some have used the so-called cultural expansion, cultural invasion and  cultural threat theory in an attempt to mislead global public opinion,  although many have commended China's efforts. Perhaps a better  understanding of China's efforts to promote its language and culture  would help other countries to see the Confucius Institutes in a better  light.

First,  unlike a zero-sum game, all parties can benefit from win-win cooperation  through the Confucius Institutes. Second, the Confucius Institute  programs are inclusive and every country is welcome to take part in  them. And third, the programs are non-competitive in nature, albeit the  most competitive performer can set an example for the others to follow.

The  Confucius Institutes offer other countries a unique model to promote  their languages and cultures through bilateral cooperation, which is  distinct from the developed countries' general practice. Considering the  relatively low investment and high benefits, it is a rather successful  mutually beneficial model for promoting global cultural diversity, which  developing as well as developed countries can draw experience from.

For  human beings, cultural diversity forms the core of communications and  the fountainhead of innovation. And it is essential to human beings'  cultural prosperity just as biodiversity is to the ecological balance.

After  10 years of remarkable development, it is imperative for each of the 548  Confucius Institutes to promote the localized teaching of Chinese based  on the host country's cultural and social realities. And Hanban, or the  Office of Chinese Language Council International, the executive body of  the Confucius Institute, should avoid adopting a unilateral approach to  funding, dispatching of talents and donating of books in the host  countries.

The  Confucius Institute, despite being more than a language-teaching  program, cannot replace the Chinese-teaching methods adopted by other  institutions across the world. Nor should the program compete with the  current Chinese-teaching system. As a window, a bridge, and a flagship,  it should promote cultural exchanges by advancing Chinese teaching  methods.

And a  business model that combines the interests of the cause and the industry  should be adopted to create a positive cycle and realize sustainable  development.

Language  teaching and cultural exchange are long-term processes. So apart from  being constantly dedicated to the cause, Chinese teachers should also  educate themselves about the world's advanced cultures while trying to  spread the Chinese language and culture, because that would help make  the Confucius Institutes truly respected and popular facilitators of  cultural development in the modern world.

Confucius  said, "the superior man on literary grounds meets with his friends, and  by their friendship helps his virtue". As such, China should make  friends and open a dialogue with the world by using the Confucius  Institutes to teach the Chinese language and culture.

To  continuously promote the development of the Confucius Institutes abroad,  China should focus on the following aspects. First, it should adopt a  differential approach to suit each host country's condition.

Second, it should view language teaching and cultural exchanges as the two wheels of a cart that should move simultaneously.

Third,  China should strengthen academic research to generate effective  theories, thus making the Confucius Institute the host country's  research center on China.

Fourth,  it should conduct two-way cultural exchanges through the Confucius  Institutes so they become a window on not only China, but also other  countries' languages and cultures.

And  fifth, China should follow the philosophy of developing a cause and  adopting an industry-like operation model to realize sustainable  development, while optimizing its limited resources by preventing  overlapping of functions and unnecessary competitions.

      The author is a  professor at Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto, Japan, and the first dean  of Confucius Institute at the university. The views don't necessarily  represent those of China Daily.

    （作者: 周玮生 日本京都立命馆大学教授，也是该校孔子学院首任院长）